3.2 Trends
- Globally, under-five mortality has decreased by 33%, from an estimated rate of 89 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 60 deaths per 1000 live births in 2009. This decline translates into an average annual decrease in child mortality of 2.1%. Numbers of under-five deaths have declined from 12.4 million in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2009. While progress has been made, it is unequally
A case of interest rates rise, but bond prices fell.
Interest rate changes impact on bond prices in the different economic conditions.
Base interest rate raising when uneasily economic conditions can getting decline in market interest rates.
When market interest rates decrease bond prices has increases.
Therefore, when interest rates rise, sometimes the price of bonds rises.
In addition
significantly weaken individuals–and, in particular children–to the point where the effectiveness of investment in human capital is diminished
“ Reductions in mortality brought about the majority of the increase in population in the past two centuries .” (Preston, 1980)
Reductions in mortality
Increase in population
Lead to accumulation of human capital
In October 2009, United Kingdom inflation rate is + 1.5%. According to graph and table, now United Kingdom inflation rate is higher than September. (+ 0.4%).
- CPI inflation declined to 1.1% in October.
- RPI dropped to -1.3%
- The successive downturn
- Factors : low food and electiricity prices, decline in utility bills, reduction VAT
2. United States
In October 2009, United States
Ⅱ. Exchange rate regime
1. What is the exchange rate?
In finance, the exchange rates between two currencies specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. It is the value of a foreign nation’s currency in terms of the home nation’s currency. For example an exchange rate of 91 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (USD, $) means that 91 yen is worth the
decline in international trade, harming all countries.
② Stream of Currency Wars
States engage in competitive devaluation since 2010 have used a mix of policy tools, including direct government intervention, the imposition of capital controls, and, indirectly, quantitative easing. While many countries have experienced undesirable upward pressure on their exchange rates and taken part in the o
rate system was executed single management fluctuation exchange rate.(1994~2005)
After 2005, China was pressured for RMB appreciation and abolished the past exchange rate system and adopted more flexible. RMB has appreciated 21% between 3 years.
□ Effect of RMB appreciation on China
① Effects on Export and Import
Industry watchers forecast that export decline attributed to RMB appre
equity wealth, and job market conditions also favor upper-income individuals, who are the primary luxury goods consumers.
- Declining of Exclusivity of Luxury Goods :
In an age of mass affluence with easy access to credit, luxury goods are becoming more affordable. Also, with a 50 percent rise in household income in the last 30 years, Americans have more money to spend on premium goods.
decline of motivation. Because of low motivation, temporary employees cannot help losing the loyalty toward the company and desire to learn vision and value of organizational culture.
The reason why motivation is decreased can be explained by two theories. First, Maslow’s need hierarchy theory. In his theory, motivation is composed of five prepotent basic needs-physiological, safety, love, est